Pneumatic hammer.



Patented Aug. 8,1899.

C. K. PICKLES.

PNEUMATIC HAMMER;

(Application led Jan. 8, 1899.)

(No Model.)

uvN.

aunmmmmmllllllll UNiTsn STATES Ferrater seien.,

Cuartas ieru'uims, or sintonia MISSOURI, AssiuNou 'ro .iosnrHI-Nn V.

PICKLEa-'OFSAME PLACE.

assumano HAMMER,

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent 630,818, dated August 1899'. applicationmeuanuafys,189e. stanno, 701,037. immun-1.)

hammers, and more especially to that type ofthe same in which 'the reversing-valve has a concentric arrangement with relation to the i reciprocating'piston of the hammer. The objects of the present improvements are in the main, first, to provide a simple, durable, and eectivc formation andai-rangement of the iiuid-actuated reversing-valve zo and in which such valve has itsfseat in anv annular chamber exterior to and surrounding the piston-cylinder and is adapted to so vgovern and control the movements of the piston that while a maximum impact is attained in the forward or active movement of the piston the vibration in the pneumatic hammer,

due to the return movement of the piston, is reduced to a minimum; second, to provide a simple and effective means for attaining en 3o automatic recurrent lubrication of the piston and other parte 'of a pneumatic hammer, and,7

third, to provide a strong and elective means for securing in place the end head or' cap-nut of the ham mer-cylinder.'

55. I attain such objects by theconstruction and arrangement of parts illustrated in the vaccompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional elevation'of a pneumatic hammer at liuenc, Figs.

4o 3 and 4, embodying the present invention and illustrating the pertainv that position in which the piston is at'ihe end 'of its normal forward position with the vvalve shifted to A eilect a return stroke of such-piston; Fig. 2,

' a detail longitudinal sectional elevation at line x',illustrating the parts in that position in which the piston is fully-retracted with the valve shifted to, effect a forward v stroifze of lsuch piston; Fig, 3, a transverse. A5o section of hammer-cylinder at line :cf z, Fig.

' 1, with portions broken away; Fig. 4, a simi- 'The cap-nut 3, in addition to forming a clolar transverse section at line w'" Fig-'1; Fig. 5,!a side elevation ofthe reversingwalve in a detached condition; Fig. 6,'a detail view illustrating the means for locking the end or 5'5 head or cap ofk the hammer-cylinder in place. Similar numerals of reference indicate like parts inthe several views. i

Referring to the drawings, l represents thev housing or cylinder of the 'pneumatic ham- 6o mer, the lower end of which is of the usual contracted nature and, provided with a bushing 2'to receive the shank of the cutting or other "tool, as usual in the present type of' hammers. The bore of the cylinderextends the whole length 6i the housing l, its upper vend being 4closed by an end head orc-apmut 3 screwing therein, as shown, While its lower end is closed by the bushing 2, heretofore de-A scribed.v r 7o sure for the rear' end of the piston chamber or. cylinder, also serves as a means for securing in place the 7valve-,housing e and the attaching-collar 5 'of the handle of the hammer. 75 l5 is a circular enlargement on the exterior of the housing or cylinder 2, formingj.;1 the forward wall of the valve-chamber and oisetted, as shown, to receive the outer end of the cylindrical valve-housing il. v 8o 7 ,is an inturned. rimat the 'rear end of the collar 5, which is adapted to t the outer and extreme rear end of the main cylinder 1, as shown, the main portion o f said' collar iittiug the outer periphery of the valve-housing 4 85 and having abutment againsta shoulder or offset on such housing, as illustrated in Figs. l and 2, the arrangement-being such that an adjustment of the end head or cap-uut 3 of the piston-elnunber will cileet a general ad- 9o justinent and holding of the several parts above described in their proper operative po-"` sitiou. v lnthepresentimprovemontthooverlapping rim portion of thecap-nutp is formed with a series of marginal serratious 8, that are engaged by a serrated dog 9, secured to vthe liandle portion of the hammer by means of an attaching screw orrivet l0, as shown. Sueh, `4 dog is formed of plate or spring metal and. is "16o adapted to be sprung out of engagem' -1t with the cap-nut to admit of the rotation'A-l'of the same and by its resiliency to again return into a engagement with the cap-nut to lock the same as illustrated in Fig.

againstfurtherrotation.

1l isthe supply-passage for thecom pressed air or othermotive duid, formed in one of the branches 12 of the hammer-handle and communicating at one endvlrith the annular chamber Aof the' manually-actuated control-l ing-valve 13 'and at the other-end with the annular rear end of the main-valve chamber,

In'the construction illustrated in Figtl the l Vvalve'l is of thev ordinary piston type, formed with `an 'annular -passage'14, adapted to registerwith oppositively-arranged lorifices 15in- ,.-tlhe stationary-valve-housing 16, secured in the hammer-handle and adapted by its movenient to controlthesup'pjly of motive fluid to the hammer'mechanism.

` 17 is a spring-tending to hold the valve 13 in its closed condition. 18 is'a head on said l valve, projecting outside thehammer-handle, so as to be capable of convenient manipula- 20 is a chamber formed-in the reciprocating valve 13, that register'switha supplypassage 2l in the valve-housingl to receive a body of oil or other lubricant from the main oilsupply chamber of the hammer-handle 19. `Nth a forward movement of said valve the oilin-the chamber JO will be carried into .an

annnlar'chamber, 22, whenceit passes in a .subsequent movement ofv the valve vinto the annular passage 14 of the said valve, and in astill subsequent movement'of the valve the oil in the passage l4'will be brought into the path of the motive-fluid supply, to be carried thereby' into the valve-*chamber and other '45 .parts of the hammer. A

23is the rciproeating piston, having a solid cylindrical formation fitting the borevof the cylinder or housing 1 and formed with anannular peripheral chamber 24 ne'ar its upper end and upper and lower.centrally-projecting ends 25 and 25' of 'a' reduced nature, as

shown, the lower one forming the impact portion of the-piston to deliver the .blow of the piston to the shank of the chisel or other tool', while the other end'' is adaptedto enter a central recess in the end head or cap-nut 3 Ato-elfect a cushioning actionv upon the pistou as it-nears the end of its backward stroke.

2G is" the main-reversing-valveof au anun- A-lnr fornrand having an internal diameter equal'l to the external diameter ofthe main cylinder 1. Such valve is arranged to have its seat upon the periphery of the cylinder lV vat a point immediately back of the enlarge- ,ment 6, heretofore described and as illustrallediuFigs. 1 and 2.

'lhe valve 26 is of the annular piston type,

head 27, that has movement in a correspond- I ingly-enlarged portion 28 of themain-valve chamber formed by theyalve-housing 4 and the cicular enlargement 6 ot' the main hous- The rear is ol'` a smaller diameterthan the forward por.- ltion Zvand is adapted to have movement in and main por-tion ofkthe valve 26 a.correspondiugly-reduced portion E39 of the valve-chamber formed by the reduced .rear end of the valve-housing 4, as illustrated in Figs. land 2, and as so constructed constitutes a piston-valve having differential areas on its opposite faces and adapted to operate unl der the differential effects of duid-pressure. 30 is an annnlarint'ernal exhaust-chamber in the body of the`main valve, and Sill are openings through the wall of said chamber, such chamber and openings being adapted to control communication between the upper and lower piston-chambers and the exhaustport 3:2 in the housing l, that opens to the at- `'mosphere y Y In the presentconstruction the motive-fluid pressure is constant against the rear-ward'and smaller area of the annular piston-valve 26 in that t-he annularrear end of such chamber constitutes 'a receiving-chamber for-the motive fluid employed-in actuating the hammer.

33 is a longitudinal port or passage formed in the main housing 1 and con neeting the forward side of the valve-head 27 with thevlowe'r piston-chamber when the'piston is inrits rearward positiontoallow for an exhaust of the motive duid from' the forward end of the valve into the'lower piston-chamber.

`34 is a longitudinal port or-passageformeld in the main housing 1 and extending from the annular pressnre-supp'lyend of the'mainvalve chamber to a point in line with the 4late'ral supply-opening of the passage 33, that extends to the forward side ofthe valve-head i7, the construction being such that with the annular'peripheral chamber 4 of the main pistou in the position indicated in Fig. l the said passages 33 and 34 will be in communication to introduce into the chamber at the fronend of the main valve al fluid-pressure to force said valve in to its rearward position,

35 are one ormore ports or passages connecting the source of motive-duid supply in the rear end of the main-valve chamber with the rear piston-chamber. t v v 36 isa relief or exhaust port connecting the forward pistou-chamber with the atmosphere in a controllable manner. In the construction shown the passage .lli extends from the forward end of the forward `piston-clizlimbcr back. to a point ilrliuowith the exhaust-chamber 3001 the main vulve, so as lo be controlled by theI movements of said vulve. \\'ilh the parts in the position shown iu Fig. l' the exhaust'natureof such passage is rexulcrclldormant by the main valve cutting otT communcntion between the sume nud thc exhaustchamber 30 of the valve.

37 is a small transverse passage forming a communication between the forward valvothe rear end ofg the piston continues until the. annular chamber 24 registers the portsor pas# chamberand the passagel, and which passage 37 is uncovered, with the valve in position indicated in Fig. l, to introduce a com,-

'paratively-restricted supply of motive fluid 'through the passage 36 into the forwardpisvton-chamber to cause areturn or back stroke of the main piston with a minimum amount of jar or impact.

38.is a transverse passage connecting the forward valve-chamber with the longitudinal passage 34 and adapted to introduce a motive-Huid pressure into the. forward valvechamber to hold the valve in its rearward .po.

siton after said valve has attained suchposition and in 'addition thereto afford a supply of motive fluid to the forward piston-chamber through passage 36.

v With a construction and arrangement of parts 'as above described the operation of the present pneumatic hammeris as follows:- -Starting with the. piston in the position illus-- trated in Fig. 2 and valve in the p osition illustrated 'in Fig. l, the vmotive fluid entering the reduced valve-chamber 29 will force the valve 26 forward into the position indicated vin Fig. 2, so as to uncover 4he ports to admit motive fluid to the rear piston-chamberto cause?! forcible forward or active stroke of the main piston. Such motive-Huid pressure upon sages 33 'and 34, after which theremainder of "the active stroke of such piston will depend upongits momentum. With the ports or pasto admit motive uid into the'lower pistonchamberthrough passage 36 to cause-a com paratvely slow return movement of the pistonto its-back position. "With the return of the piston to its rear position the lower 'end of the passage 33 is uncovered and communication .between the same and the forward pistonchamber is established, so that the pressure in the forwardvalve-chamber will be relieved to enable the constant pressure a fresh cycle of scribed.

in the rear valve-chamber to force the'm'ain valve into its forward position to commence operations, as heretofore de- Ilaving thus fully described my said inven-V tion, whatl claim as new, and desire to secure by'Letters Patent, is

l. In n pneumatic hammer, a fluid-actuated annular valvev for controlling themovement of tho pistou'and having itsseat upon the cittorior of the piston-cylinder, substantially as sot forth.

2. Vl'n a pneumatic hammer, a iluid 'actuate d annular valve for con-trolling the movementA of the piston and having its seat upon the exfterior of the piston-cylinder, and means con;

trolled by the piston for admitting motive fluid A to the lower piston-chamber, substantially as set forth. v

3. In a pneumatiohem mer, a-fluid-aetuated annular'vaive. forcontrolling the movementi of the piston, formed with dilferenti'al pressure areas and having its'seat upon the exto-- rior of the pistoncylinde'r, substantially as' set forth.

4;. Ina pneumatic hammer, alluidactnated annularv'alvefor controlling the mgvem'ent' of the piston, formed with differential pressure areas and 'having its seat upon the exterior of the piston-cylinder, the reduced pressure area rif-,the valve being under constant f pressure of the motive fluid, and the larger-` pressure areaof the valve under an intermittent pressure ofthe motive uid,.substantially as eet forth.

5. In a pneu matic hammer, the combination Y vof a piston, a piston-cylinder, a fluid-actuated annular valve' located in a chamber exterior toand surrounding the piston-cylinder, in the smaller area of whichthe motive fluid acts to constantly `foroe the valve in. one direction,

and a passage controlled by the piston for in-` termittently admitting ih e motive duid tothe larger pressure area of said chamber to force the valve in an opposite direction, sub'staut tially as set forth.

6: ln a pneumatic hammer, the combination..

of a piston, apiston-cylinden-a fluid-actu: ated annular valve located 'in a chamber exterior to and surrounding the' piston-cylinder,

and formed with differential pressure areas,

against the smaller of which themotive fluid acts to constantly force the valve in one di.-

valve', and an exhaust-passage leading from said larger area of the valveandopened yby reaction, a passage controlled by'the piston and Aopened 'by the latter onV its forward stroke to admit motive `fluid tothe largerarea of thev the piston in its backward strole', substanf tially as set forth.

7. In a pneu'natic hammer, a'uid-actuated annular valve for controlling themovement of the piston, formed with vdifferential pressure areas and having its seat upon the exte.

sure are'aof the valvebeing under. constant pressure ofthe motive fluid, and the larger pressure area of the .valve underan intermit- -rior of the pistonlcyl-inder, the reduced prestent pressure of the motive ilu-id and ajlongi- 'tndinal passage connecting the forward piston-chamber with thevalvechamhensubstantially -as set forth; ,A

8. Inapneumatic haminenanimama'bfed the nw'vement-A Y fferential'prgs.

annular valve forfcont'ro'lling 'ofthe piston, formedwith vd su .o areasandihavng its'seat upon the 'exterior of the piston-cylinder, the reduced prespassage to the valve-chamber, that is adapted 11i uid to be uncoveredjby the valve to. admit moti ve stantially as set forth.

fi.- Ina pneumatic hammer, aill'uid-actnated vannular Yalve for controlling the moyement of the pistoinfformed with differential pressure areasaud having its' seat upon the e t\' teriorof the piston-cylinder, .the reduced-pressure area of the valve being under 'constant pressure of the motive fluid, and the larger pressure area of the'valvc under an interni ittent pressure ofthe motive il ui'd ,and a passage 'or passages adapted to introduce motivefluid pressure to the forward end of the valvechamber to' hold the valve in itsrearwz'ird pos'iti'ou, substantially as s'et forth.

. 10. The combination in a pneumatic ham- '.mer, ofgan operating mechanism, portsa-nd passages to said operating mechanism, an oilreservo'ii-,and means for controlling communicatlon between, said 'reservoir and said ports and passages, and adapted to feed the lubricant directly into the-'path of the motive fluid,

subst-antiall-y'as set forth.

' l1. The combination 1n a p neur'natie haii]- mcr, of anfoperating` mechanism', ports' and passages` to said operating mechanism, an'oil cation-between said reservoir and said'ports and passages, and adapted to eliect a forced -fecdfromsaidreservoir into such port-s or passages, directly inl-o the path of the motive Huid, substantially as set forth.

ll.V The combinationin a pneumatic hainto the forwardpiston-chamber, sub-,-

mcr, of an operating mechanism, ports and passages to said operating mechanism, a handle or grip formed with an oil-reservoir, and

means for 'manually controlling communication between said reservoir andsan ports and passages, rsubstantiallgv as set fort-b.

13. The combination in a pneumatic ham- .mer, of an operating mechanism, ports and passagesto said operating mechanism, an oilreservoi r,and means for eo ntrollin g com munication b'etweensaid reservoir and said ports and-passages, the same comprising a piston- .valve moving in'a tubular housing, and chambers and passages in said piston-valve and housing, so arranged that at each movement of 'the pistou-valve a positive feed of the lubricant will be effected, substantially as set forth.

'14. The combination 1n apneumatic hammer, ot' an operating mechanism, ports and passages to saidoperating mechanism, a throttle-Valve of thc piston type controlling the inlet-passage of the hammer, a handle-or grip formed with an oil-reservoir, a tubular .housing for the valve, and chambers and passages in said pistou\'alve and housing, so arranged that at each movement of the valve a vpositive fee'l ofthe lubricant will be effected,

sub'slantialt as set'forth. -A

15. In a pneumatic hammer, an end head or scre\\"cap closing the rear ond of the main cylinder, and provided with a marginal serrated portion, and a resilient dog .secured to the hamnnu-housing and having a serrated edge 'adapted to engage the serrated margin of-said end cap, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof Witness my hand this 30th day of December, 1898.f

l CHARLES K. montes. In presence of- ROBERT 13u-Rss, Janes LAYALLIN. 

